M00.119

Clinical Causes: Spread of pneumococcal bacteria from a nearby infection, such as pneumonia or sinusitis. Bacterial invasion through a wound or after invasive medical procedures involving the shoulder. Bloodborne spread from a distant infection site (bacteremia) reaching the shoulder joint. Weakened immune system making the body more susceptible to bacterial infections. Pre-existing joint conditions that may predispose the shoulder to infection.

Key Symptoms: Severe pain in the shoulder that worsens with movement. Swelling and tenderness around the shoulder joint. Limited range of motion due to pain and swelling. Redness and warmth over the affected shoulder. Fever, chills, and general malaise indicating systemic infection. Possible drainage if abscess formation occurs.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Physicians typically perform a physical exam to assess swelling, warmth, and range of motion. Imaging studies like X-rays may be used to evaluate joint damage, though they do not confirm infection. The definitive diagnosis requires analysis of joint fluid obtained via aspiration, where the fluid is tested for bacteria, white blood cells, and other markers. Blood tests may also reveal signs of infection and inflammation, such as elevated white blood cell count and C-reactive protein levels.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for pneumococcal arthritis of the shoulder generally includes antibiotics targeted against Streptococcus pneumoniae. These may be administered orally or intravenously, depending on the severity of the infection. In some cases, surgical intervention might be necessary to drain abscesses or remove infected tissue. Supportive care includes rest, immobilization of the shoulder, and pain management. Early and appropriate treatment is vital to prevent joint damage and preserve function. Follow-up care often involves physical therapy to restore mobility after infection control.