O60.03

Clinical Causes: Infections such as urinary tract infections, sexually transmitted infections, or other intra-amniotic infections Multiple pregnancies (twins, triplets, etc.) which increase uterine stretch Cervical insufficiency, where the cervix dilates prematurely Poor nutrition or dehydration Stress or physical exertion History of previous preterm labor or miscarriage Uterine abnormalities or fibroids Environmental factors such as exposure to pollutants or toxins Certain medications or substance use, including cigarettes and recreational drugs Hormonal imbalances that affect pregnancy maintenance

Key Symptoms: Regular or frequent contractions of the uterus, often more painful than Braxton Hicks contractions Lower back pain that persists or intensifies Cramping sensation or feelings of pressure in the pelvis or lower abdomen Changes in vaginal discharge, potentially increased or with a watery, mucus, or bloody appearance Pelvic pressure or a feeling of heaviness in the pelvic area Feeling unwell or experiencing symptoms similar to a flu-like illness (though less common)

Diagnosis Path: Ultrasound to measure cervical length and monitor fetal well-being Monitoring contractions through electronic fetal monitoring or tocodynamometry Laboratory tests, including a swab or sample of vaginal fluid to check for signs of infection Assessment of maternal vital signs and overall health status

Treatment Protocols: Administering medications like tocolytics to suppress contractions temporarily Corticosteroid therapy to accelerate fetal lung maturity, especially if preterm birth is imminent Treating any underlying infections with appropriate antibiotics Ensuring adequate hydration and rest Monitoring fetal heart rate and activity closely Hospitalization in some cases for continuous observation and supportive care Counseling and education for the mother regarding warning signs and when to seek immediate care