O60.23

Clinical Causes: Infections such as urinary tract infections or bacterial vaginosis Multiple pregnancies, like twins or triplets Maternal health conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes Stress or physical trauma Cervical insufficiency or weakness Lifestyle factors including smoking, substance abuse, or inadequate prenatal care Certain complications in previous pregnancies

Key Symptoms: Contractions occurring regularly before 37 weeks of pregnancy Lower back pain or pressure in the pelvic area Changes in vaginal discharge, including increased volume or blood-streaked mucus Pelvic pressure, feeling of heaviness or fullness Leakage of fluid from the vagina indicating ruptured membranes Mild to moderate cramping similar to menstrual cramps

Diagnosis Path: Pelvic examination to assess cervical dilation and effacement Monitoring of contractions through fetal and maternal monitoring devices Ultrasound imaging to evaluate cervical length and fetal well-being Laboratory tests such as urine analysis and swabs for infections Assessment of other underlying health conditions

Treatment Protocols: Tocolytic medications to inhibit contractions and delay labor Steroid injections to accelerate fetal lung maturity, improving the baby’s ability to breathe after birth Antibiotics if an infection is identified Bed rest or activity restrictions to reduce stress on the cervix Monitoring fetal health through continuous electronic fetal monitoring Addressing underlying health issues such as blood pressure or blood sugar control Planning for delivery if preterm labor cannot be halted or complications develop