N02.B2

Clinical Causes: Abnormal immune response leading to the deposition of IgA antibodies in the kidneys Genetic predisposition that affects immune regulation and kidney structure Infections or illnesses that trigger immune activity Environmental factors such as exposure to certain toxins or drugs Other autoimmune conditions that involve immune system dysregulation

Key Symptoms: Blood in the urine (hematuria), which may be visible or detectable through tests Protein in the urine (proteinuria) Swelling (edema), especially in the legs, ankles, or face High blood pressure (Hypertension) Fatigue and general feeling of illness Flank pain or discomfort in the kidney area (less common)

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of tests and medical evaluations, including: - Urinalysis to detect blood and protein in the urine - Blood tests to assess kidney function and look for signs of inflammation - Kidney biopsy, which involves taking a small tissue sample from the kidney for microscopic examination, confirming the presence of IgA deposits and specific glomerular lesions - Imaging tests such as ultrasound to evaluate kidney size and structure These assessments help determine the extent of kidney damage and the pattern of glomerular involvement.

Treatment Protocols: While there is no cure for IgA nephropathy, treatment focuses on managing symptoms, preventing progression, and reducing kidney damage. Common approaches include: - Controlling blood pressure with medications like ACE inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers - Managing proteinuria through dietary modifications and medication - Using immunosuppressive drugs in certain cases to reduce immune activity - Treating underlying infections or illnesses that may aggravate the condition - Supportive care such as lifestyle changes, maintaining a healthy diet, and avoiding nephrotoxic substances Regular monitoring of kidney function is essential to adjust treatment plans and address any signs of disease progression.