S89.02

Clinical Causes: Trauma from sports activities, such as football or basketball Falls onto the knee or leg during accidents Direct blow to the knee or lower leg Motor vehicle accidents causing high-impact injury Twisting injuries during physical activities

Key Symptoms: Pain localized around the knee, especially at the upper tibia region Swelling and tenderness near the growth plate Limited range of motion in the knee joint Feeling of instability or weakness in the affected leg Possible deformity or misalignment of the knee if the fracture is displaced In severe cases, bruising and inability to bear weight on the leg

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination by a healthcare provider, who assesses the injury for swelling, deformity, and range of motion. Imaging studies are essential for confirming the fracture type and extent. An X-ray of the knee, particularly in multiple views, reveals the fracture pattern, characteristic of Salter-Harris Type II injuries, which involve a fracture through the growth plate and metaphysis. In some cases, further imaging such as MRI may be used to evaluate soft tissue involvement or complex fracture patterns.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment aims to realign the fractured bones and enable proper healing of the growth plate. Approaches may include: - Rest and immobilization with a cast or splint to keep the knee stable - Close monitoring during healing to ensure proper growth and alignment - Possible surgical intervention if the fracture is displaced significantly, involving internal fixation techniques like wires or pins - Rehabilitation exercises post-immobilization to restore movement and strengthen the leg - Regular follow-up appointments, including imaging, to monitor growth plate development and detect any complications early Early diagnosis and appropriate management are critical in preventing long-term growth disturbances or deformities.