S89.03

Clinical Causes: Sports injuries, such as soccer, basketball, or skiing accidents Falls from a height or on a hard surface Vehicular accidents or trauma Twisting injuries of the knee Direct blow to the knee area

Key Symptoms: Pain around the knee, especially along the upper tibial region Swelling and tenderness over the knee Limited range of motion or difficulty moving the knee Possible deformity or misalignment in severe cases Bruising around the injury site Pain that worsens with activity or movement

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a detailed clinical examination followed by imaging studies. X-rays are the primary method used to identify the fracture pattern, specifically looking for separation along the growth plate and involvement of the adjacent bone. In some cases, MRI may be recommended to assess cartilage and soft tissue damage, and to confirm the extent of the physeal injury. The classification as Salter-Harris Type III indicates fractures that extend through the growth plate and into the joint space, which requires careful evaluation.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies depend on the severity and displacement of the fracture. Generally, options include: - **Conservative management**: If the fracture is minimally displaced, immobilization with a cast or brace for several weeks may be sufficient. - **Surgical intervention**: Displaced fractures often necessitate open or closed reduction followed by internal fixation to realign the growth plate and stabilize the fracture. - **Follow-up care**: Regular imaging to monitor healing, growth, and to detect possible growth disturbances. - **Rehabilitation**: Physical therapy to restore range of motion, strength, and function of the knee after immobilization or surgery. Patients with growth plate injuries require close monitoring to prevent complications such as growth arrest or angular deformities, which can impact limb development.