P36.4

Clinical Causes: Transmission of E. coli from the mother during childbirth, particularly if there is an infection in the birth canal. Infection acquired after birth through contaminated instruments, environment, or breast milk. Premature birth or low birth weight, which can increase susceptibility to infections. Maternal urinary tract infections or other infections during pregnancy that may involve E. coli. Invasive procedures or devices, such as catheters, that introduce bacteria into the body.

Key Symptoms: Fever or hypothermia (low body temperature) Lethargy or irritability Poor feeding or refusal to feed Rapid breathing or respiratory distress Vomiting or diarrhea Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes) Pale or mottled skin Low blood pressure or signs of shock in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers may perform blood tests to detect bacteria, assess blood cell counts, and identify markers of infection. Cultures from blood, cerebrospinal fluid, or urine may confirm the presence of E. coli. Additional tests may include imaging studies to detect any secondary complications.

Treatment Protocols: Intravenous antibiotics tailored to combat E. coli infection. Supportive care such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation if respiratory compromise occurs. Fluid and electrolyte management to maintain appropriate hydration and blood pressure. Monitoring and management of any organ dysfunction or complications. In certain cases, hospitalization in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) may be necessary for ongoing supportive care.