R65.20

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infections, such as pneumonia, urinary tract infections, or skin infections Viral or fungal infections that spread throughout the body Infections acquired in healthcare settings, like bloodstream infections from IV lines Compromised immune system, including individuals with chronic illnesses or undergoing treatments that weaken immunity Injury or wounds that become infected

Key Symptoms: Fever or hypothermia (low body temperature) Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Confusion or disorientation Elevated or decreased blood pressure Reduced urine output Weakness or fatigue Chills and shivering Skin that appears pale, cool, or mottled

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers may perform blood tests to identify infection and signs of organ dysfunction, check vital signs continuously, and conduct imaging studies if necessary. Criteria often include evidence of infection combined with organ impairment indicators such as abnormal mental status, decreased urine output, or abnormal blood test results.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of severe sepsis without septic shock focuses on controlling the infection, supporting organ function, and preventing progression to more severe states. Common approaches include: - Administration of intravenous antibiotics tailored to the suspected or identified infection - Fluids and medications to maintain blood pressure and support circulation - Oxygen therapy or ventilatory support if breathing is affected - Monitoring and managing organ functions, including kidney, liver, and heart support - Removal of infection sources, such as draining abscesses or removing infected devices - Close observation in a hospital setting, often in an intensive care unit (ICU) The goal is to stabilize the patient, eradicate the infection, and prevent the development of septic shock or other complications.