F51.4
Sleep terrors [night terrors]
Clinical Classification Guidelines
Inclusion Terms
- Non-rapid eye movement sleep arousal disorders, sleep terror type
Medical Intelligence & Overview
Sleep terrors, also known as night terrors, are sudden episodes of intense fear that occur during sleep. Classified under non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep arousal disorders, sleep terror episodes typically happen during the first third of the night. These episodes can be frightening for both the individual experiencing them and their loved ones, often involving abrupt awakening with intense fear, screaming, and confusion. Despite their alarming nature, sleep terrors are generally harmless and tend to resolve over time. They are more common in children but can also affect adults.
Causes & Symptoms
Clinical Causes: Genetic predisposition, especially if there is a family history of sleep disorders Stress or psychological trauma Sleep deprivation or irregular sleep schedules High fever or illness Use of certain medications or substances, such as sedatives or alcohol Underlying sleep disorders, including sleep apnea Disrupted sleep cycles or poor sleep hygiene Certain neurological conditions or mental health issues
Key Symptoms: Sudden awakening from sleep, often with a scream or loud cry Intense feelings of fear or terror Rapid heartbeat and sweating Dilated pupils Increased muscle tone or thrashing movements Confusion or disorientation upon waking Inability to recall the episode in detail the next day Lack of detailed memory about the event
Diagnostic & Treatment
Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of sleep terrors typically involves a comprehensive assessment by a healthcare provider, including a detailed sleep history and possibly sleep studies (polysomnography). These tests monitor sleep patterns to confirm episodes and rule out other sleep disturbances or medical conditions. Doctors may ask about occurrences during sleep, frequency, duration, and associated factors to establish an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment Protocols: While many children outgrow sleep terrors without intervention, persistent or severe episodes in adults may require treatment. Approaches can include: - Improving sleep hygiene practices, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule and creating a relaxing bedtime routine - Managing stress through relaxation techniques or counseling - Addressing underlying medical or psychological issues - Ensuring a safe sleep environment to prevent injuries during episodes In some cases, medication may be prescribed to reduce the frequency or intensity of episodes, but this is typically reserved for severe cases. It is important to consult healthcare professionals for personalized advice and management strategies.
Clinical Advice & FAQs
Billing Guidance
Is F51.4 a billable ICD-10 code?
Yes, F51.4 is a specific, billable code that can be used to indicate a diagnosis for reimbursement purposes.
Documentation
How do I report F51.4?
Clinical documentation must specify the nature of Sleep terrors [night terrors] and any associated comorbidities for accurate reporting.
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