M18.32

Clinical Causes: Previous trauma or fracture to the thumb or wrist area Repeated stress or overuse of the thumb joint Previous dislocation of the thumb joint Inadequate healing after a thumb injury Age-related joint wear and tear that becomes exacerbated by trauma

Key Symptoms: Pain at the base of the thumb, especially during activity or when applying pressure Swelling and tenderness around the joint Reduced thumb strength and grip ability Stiffness, making thumb movements difficult, especially in the morning or after rest A sensation of grinding or instability in the joint Decreased range of motion in the thumb

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a clinical examination focusing on pain, swelling, and joint function. X-rays are essential to visualize the degeneration of the joint and confirm post-traumatic osteoarthritis. In some cases, additional imaging like MRI or CT scans may be used for detailed assessment of soft tissue involvement or to evaluate the extent of joint damage. Patient history regarding prior trauma is also critical for an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Conservative therapies such as wearing a thumb splint or brace to restrict joint movement and reduce pain Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage inflammation and discomfort Physical therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve joint stability Application of ice packs to decrease swelling Injections of corticosteroids to provide temporary relief from inflammation Lifestyle modifications, including ergonomic adjustments and activity modifications Surgical options, such as joint fusion or trapeziectomy, may be considered in advanced cases where conservative treatments fail Post-operative rehabilitation to restore function and strength