M18.30

Clinical Causes: Previous trauma or injury to the thumb base, such as fractures, dislocations, or ligament injuries Repetitive stress or overuse of the thumb joint Prior surgeries or joint manipulation that may have altered joint mechanics Age-related degeneration coupled with trauma history Occupational or sporting activities involving frequent gripping or thumb movements

Key Symptoms: Pain at the base of the thumb, especially during movement or upon pressure Swelling and tenderness around the joint Reduced grip strength and difficulty pinching objects Limited range of thumb motion A sensation of joint instability or clicking Visible swelling or bony enlargement over the joint in advanced cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis begins with a detailed patient history and physical examination, focusing on recent injuries and hand function. Clinicians often request imaging studies, such as X-rays, to assess joint space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and post-traumatic changes. In some cases, MRI scans may be used to evaluate soft tissue structures and cartilage health. Differentiating this condition from other thumb joint disorders helps guide appropriate management.

Treatment Protocols: Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and inflammation Splinting or immobilization to support the thumb and limit painful movements Physical and occupational therapy to strengthen surrounding muscles and improve range of motion Corticosteroid injections for short-term relief of inflammation Activity modification to avoid aggravating activities Surgical interventions, such as joint replacement or fusion, in advanced cases where conservative treatments are insufficient