S55.10

Clinical Causes: Blunt or penetrating trauma from accidents, falls, or impacts Cuts or lacerations from sharp objects like knives or glass Fractures of the distal radius or forearm bones that may damage the artery Industrial or occupational injuries involving machinery or tools Sports-related injuries involving forceful impacts or falls

Key Symptoms: Pain or tenderness at the forearm or wrist area Swelling or bruising around the injury site Bleeding from an open wound or through the skin Weakness or numbness in the hand or fingers Coldness or pallor of the hand, indicating compromised blood flow Decreased pulse or absence of pulse at the wrist Difficulty moving the fingers or hand due to pain or swelling

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination focused on assessing blood flow, such as checking the pulse in the wrist and fingers. Imaging techniques like ultrasound Doppler studies can evaluate blood flow and detect vessel injury. In some cases, angiography — an imaging test that visualizes blood vessels — may be utilized to confirm the extent and location of the damage. Additionally, physicians may evaluate for associated injuries, such as fractures or nerve damage, during the assessment.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment approaches depend on the severity of the injury. Common options include: - **Hemostasis and wound care**: Controlling bleeding and cleaning the wound to prevent infection. - **Vascular repair or surgery**: Repairing the artery through suturing, grafting, or other surgical methods if the vessel is severely damaged. - **Blood flow restoration**: Ensuring adequate circulation via surgical intervention if necessary. - **Antibiotics and infection prevention**: Using antibiotics to prevent infections, especially in open injuries. - **Post-injury monitoring**: Regular assessment of blood flow and limb function. - **Rehabilitation**: Physical therapy to regain strength, mobility, and function after healing. Immediate medical attention is essential to prevent complications such as tissue ischemia or necrosis, which can lead to limb loss in severe cases.