S25.101

Clinical Causes: Trauma or physical injury from accidents, falls, or blows to the chest or shoulder area. Penetrating injuries such as stab wounds or gunshot wounds. Surgical or medical procedures involving the neck or upper chest that inadvertently damage the artery. Deceleration injuries during vehicular accidents that generate shearing forces. In rare cases, aneurysms or vessel weakness that may rupture or cause damage.

Key Symptoms: Pain or tenderness in the shoulder, neck, or chest area. Swelling or a lump at the injury site due to bleeding or hematoma formation. Signs of internal bleeding such as dizziness, fainting, or rapid heartbeat. Reduced blood flow to the arm, resulting in numbness, weakness, or cold sensations. Visible or palpable pulsations or a bruit (a whooshing sound) over the site depending on injury severity. Discoloration or pallor of the arm or hand on the affected side.

Diagnosis Path: Ultrasound Doppler studies to assess blood flow and detect blockages or damage. Computed tomography (CT) angiography to visualize the blood vessels in detail. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for high-resolution imaging without radiation exposure. Conventional angiography, which involves injecting a contrast dye to view blood vessels directly. Physical assessment for signs of bleeding, swelling, or compromised circulation.

Treatment Protocols: Emergency stabilization of the patient, including controlling bleeding and ensuring adequate blood volume. Surgical repair, such as vessel repair, bypass, or removal of damaged segments. Endovascular techniques like stent placement or embolization for minimally invasive management. Administration of medications to manage pain, reduce blood clot formation, or prevent infection. Close monitoring for signs of complications such as infection, rebleeding, or vessel occlusion.