B02.31

Clinical Causes: Reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus in individuals who have previously had chickenpox or shingles Decreased immune system function, such as in older adults or immunocompromised individuals Stress or illness that triggers virus reactivation Spread of shingles virus from nearby skin lesions to the eye area

Key Symptoms: Redness in the affected eye Pain or tenderness around the eye Watery or discharge-filled eyes Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Blurred vision or a sensation of a foreign body in the eye Swelling of the eyelids Possible rash or blistering around the eye and eyelids

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough eye examination by an ophthalmologist, who may assess symptoms and look for characteristic signs such as conjunctival redness and possible vesicular skin lesions. In some cases, laboratory tests like PCR (polymerase chain reaction) or direct fluorescent antibody tests may be used to detect varicella-zoster virus DNA in ocular tissue or secretions. Accurate diagnosis is essential for effective management and to distinguish zoster conjunctivitis from other eye infections.

Treatment Protocols: Management of zoster conjunctivitis aims to reduce symptoms, control viral activity, and prevent complications. Treatment options include: - Antiviral medications, such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir, typically prescribed to lessen the severity and duration of the infection - Corticosteroid eye drops may be used to reduce inflammation - Lubricating eye drops or ointments to ease discomfort - Pain relievers for symptomatic relief - Close monitoring by an eye care specialist to ensure resolution and prevent issues like corneal involvement or vision loss Prompt medical intervention is crucial, especially if the infection affects the cornea or other parts of the eye, to prevent long-term damage.