D78.1

Clinical Causes: Invasive procedures in the abdominal area, such as biopsies, splenic surgery, or abdominal imaging guidance Misplacement of surgical instruments during abdominal or thoracic surgeries Unexpected anatomical variations or splenic abnormalities that complicate procedures Trauma that occurs during medical interventions, especially if the spleen is enlarged or fragile Incomplete imaging or inadequate visualization during procedures

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of sharp pain in the upper left abdomen Tenderness or swelling in the left upper quadrant of the abdomen Signs of internal bleeding, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting Drop in blood pressure and increased heart rate Possibility of shoulder pain due to referred pain from diaphragmatic irritation Visible signs of bleeding or bruising around the abdomen

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination focusing on abdominal tenderness and signs of bleeding Ultrasound imaging to detect fluid collection or hematoma around the spleen Computed tomography (CT) scan for detailed visualization of the spleen and surrounding structures Laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC) to identify anemia or ongoing bleeding Monitoring vital signs for evidence of internal hemorrhage

Treatment Protocols: Conservative management with close monitoring, bed rest, and observation for minor injuries Blood transfusions if significant blood loss has occurred Surgical intervention, such as splenectomy or repair, for severe lacerations or persistent bleeding Minimally invasive procedures like embolization to control bleeding in appropriate cases Supportive care including pain management and fluid replacement