D78.02

Clinical Causes: Surgical injury to splenic blood vessels during abdominal procedures Complex or difficult surgical procedures involving the spleen Accidental trauma to the spleen during surgery for other abdominal organs Underlying conditions that increase bleeding risk, such as bleeding disorders or anticoagulant therapy Inadequate surgical technique or failure to control bleeding during surgery

Key Symptoms: Sudden or ongoing bleeding in the surgical area Signs of hypovolemia such as dizziness, weakness, or low blood pressure Pain or tenderness in the upper left abdomen Swelling or a palpable mass in the left upper abdomen Signs of internal bleeding such as rapid heartbeat or pallor Fever or signs of infection if hematoma becomes infected

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to assess abdominal tenderness, swelling, or signs of bleeding Imaging studies such as ultrasound, which can detect fluid collection or hematoma in the spleen Computed tomography (CT) scan to obtain detailed images of the spleen and surrounding tissues Laboratory tests including complete blood count (CBC) to evaluate blood loss and clotting function Intraoperative assessment if bleeding is suspected during surgery

Treatment Protocols: Monitoring in a hospital setting for stable patients Blood transfusions to replace lost blood and stabilize circulation Medications such as clotting factors or medications to support blood clotting Interventional procedures such as embolization to block bleeding blood vessels Surgical intervention to repair damaged spleen tissue or perform splenectomy (removal of the spleen) if bleeding cannot be controlled Postoperative care including pain management and infection prevention