D78.11

Clinical Causes: Invasive surgical procedures involving the spleen, such as splenectomy or biopsy Diagnostic interventions like ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration or core biopsy Endoscopic procedures where instruments are introduced into the abdominal cavity Traumatic injuries that occur during surgeries or invasive tests Anatomical variations or abnormalities increasing susceptibility to injury

Key Symptoms: Sudden or worsening abdominal pain, especially on the left side Tenderness in the upper left abdomen Signs of internal bleeding, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, or fainting Swelling or a sense of fullness in the abdomen Drop in blood pressure in severe cases Signs of anemia in cases involving significant blood loss

Diagnosis Path: Ultrasound imaging to detect fluid or bleeding around the spleen Computed tomography (CT) scan providing detailed visualization of the spleen and surrounding tissues Physical examination revealing tenderness or signs of internal bleeding Laboratory tests showing indications of blood loss or anemia Assessment of patient history, especially recent procedures involving the spleen

Treatment Protocols: Observation with close monitoring for minor injuries where patients remain stable Medication to control pain and prevent infection Blood transfusions in cases of significant blood loss Interventional radiology procedures, such as embolization, to control bleeding Surgical intervention, including splenectomy, in severe cases with ongoing bleeding or organ damage Post-treatment care involving follow-up imaging and monitoring for complications