E87.2

Clinical Causes: Increased production of acids by the body, such as during uncontrolled diabetes leading to diabetic ketoacidosis Reduced ability of the kidneys to excrete acid, as seen in kidney failure Loss of bicarbonate through severe diarrhea or intestinal diseases Lactic acidosis caused by prolonged hypoxia, severe infections, or certain medications Overuse of acid-producing medications or toxins Metabolic disturbances due to certain endocrine disorders

Key Symptoms: Rapid breathing (hyperventilation) Confusion or decreased alertness Fatigue or weakness Headache Nausea or vomiting Sleepiness or lethargy In severe cases, coma may occur

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough medical history review, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Blood tests such as arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis measure blood pH, partial pressures of oxygen and carbon dioxide, and bicarbonate levels. Additional tests may include blood glucose, kidney function tests, and assessments for underlying causes like infections or metabolic disorders.

Treatment Protocols: Administering intravenous fluids to restore fluid and electrolyte balance Using bicarbonate therapy in severe cases to neutralize excess acid Addressing specific causes, such as insulin therapy for diabetic ketoacidosis or antibiotics for infections Supporting respiratory function if abnormal breathing contributes to the condition Monitoring blood pH and other vital signs closely during treatment