E87.70

Clinical Causes: Heart failure, which reduces the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently, causing fluid build-up Kidney dysfunction or failure, impairing the body's ability to eliminate excess fluid Liver cirrhosis or severe liver disease, leading to fluid retention in the abdomen and extremities Certain medications, such as corticosteroids or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) Intravenous fluid administration at a rate higher than the body's needs Hormonal imbalances, such as hypothyroidism or adrenal gland disorders Poor dietary intake of salt or fluid restrictions not being followed Other underlying medical conditions that impair fluid regulation

Key Symptoms: Swelling (edema), especially in the legs, ankles, and feet Shortness of breath or difficulty breathing, particularly when lying flat Rapid weight gain over a short period Abdominal swelling or discomfort High blood pressure Feeling of fullness or heaviness Wheezing or coughing due to fluid in the lungs Fatigue and weakness

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to evaluate kidney and liver function, electrolyte balance, and cardiac markers Imaging studies such as chest X-ray to identify pulmonary congestion or edema Echocardiogram to assess heart function Urinalysis to detect kidney issues Measurement of body weight and monitoring of fluid intake and output Assessment of blood pressure and oxygen saturation

Treatment Protocols: Diuretics, commonly called 'water pills', to promote fluid excretion through urine Restrictions on fluid intake and salt consumption to prevent further fluid retention Medications to improve heart function or treat heart failure if present Treating underlying causes, such as kidney illness or liver disease Monitoring electrolyte levels, particularly potassium and sodium In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary for close observation and intensive management Addressing any contributing medical conditions through appropriate therapies