T80.5

Clinical Causes: Administration of serum-based medications, such as antivenoms or immunoglobulins Use of diagnostic or therapeutic serums containing proteins or other foreign substances Previous allergy or sensitivity to specific serum components Rapid infusion of serum without proper allergy assessments Cross-reactivity with other allergens leading to hypersensitivity reactions

Key Symptoms: Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat (angioedema) Hives or skin rash Low blood pressure (hypotension) Rapid or weak pulse Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal pain Feeling of dizziness or fainting Sense of impending doom or anxiety

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing an anaphylactic reaction due to serum primarily involves clinical evaluation based on the presentation of symptoms shortly after serum exposure. Healthcare providers may review the patient's medical history and previous allergies. Laboratory tests, such as serum tryptase levels, can support diagnosis, especially in confirming mast cell activation. Allergy testing may be performed later to identify specific sensitivities and prevent future reactions.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate treatment of anaphylactic reactions includes the administration of epinephrine via intramuscular injection, which can rapidly reverse symptoms. Additional treatments may involve antihistamines to manage hives and rash, corticosteroids to reduce inflammation, and respiratory support in cases of significant breathing difficulty. Patients are often observed closely after initial treatment, and measures are taken to prevent recurrence, including discontinuing the suspected serum and providing allergy education. In some cases, allergy immunotherapy or desensitization procedures may be considered under medical supervision.