M47.019

Clinical Causes: Spinal tumors or masses compressing the artery Spinal cord fractures or dislocations causing arterial compression Vascular malformations or aneurysms near the anterior spinal artery Infections leading to inflammatory swelling around the artery Traumatic injuries to the spinal region Degenerative spinal diseases such as herniated discs or osteophytes obstructing blood flow Surgical complications involving the spine or surrounding vessels

Key Symptoms: Sudden onset of weakness or paralysis in the lower limbs Loss of pain and temperature sensation below the level of compression Preservation of vibration and proprioception senses in some cases Possible urinary and bowel dysfunction Muscle stiffness or spasticity Severe back pain in some instances Rapid progression of neurological deficits in acute cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing anterior spinal artery compression syndromes involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. MRI scans are particularly useful because they can identify areas of compression, swelling, or vascular abnormalities. Angiography may be indicated to visualize blood vessel integrity and locate vascular malformations. Additional tests such as CT scans, myelograms, or neurological assessments help determine the extent of spinal cord involvement and aid in differential diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Surgical decompression to remove tumors, herniated discs, or other compressive lesions Management of vascular abnormalities through surgical or endovascular procedures Use of corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and swelling in some cases Rehabilitative therapy, including physical and occupational therapy, to improve motor function and adapt to deficits Supportive care for bladder and bowel management Close monitoring and follow-up to assess recovery and prevent further neurological deterioration