M47.015

Clinical Causes: Spinal cord tumors compressing the artery Trauma causing direct injury or swelling around the artery Vascular diseases like atherosclerosis or vasculitis Spinal fractures or dislocations resulting in artery compression Dissecting aneurysm impacting blood flow Surgical complications near the thoracolumbar spine Infections leading to inflammatory reactions causing swelling and compression

Key Symptoms: Weakness or paralysis of the legs (paraplegia) Loss of sensation or numbness below the level of injury Loss of pain and temperature sensation while preserving vibration and proprioception Bowel and bladder dysfunction Muscle spasms or stiffness Severe back pain at the involved spinal segment Possible signs of shock or altered vital signs in acute cases

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and imaging studies. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provides detailed pictures of the spinal cord and surrounding tissues, helping identify areas of ischemia and compression. Angiography may be used to visualize vascular abnormalities. Neurological assessments are conducted to determine the extent of motor, sensory, and autonomic impairment. Additional tests like electrophysiological studies can support the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Management aims to restore blood flow and relieve compression of the spinal cord. Treatment options include prompt surgical intervention to decompress the artery and remove any compressive mass. Medical therapy may involve corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and edema, and anticoagulants if a vascular clot is involved. Supportive care includes physical therapy and rehabilitation to improve mobility and function. In some cases, ongoing management involves addressing underlying causes such as vascular diseases or tumors.