K80.18

Clinical Causes: Formation of gallstones due to imbalances in bile components such as cholesterol, bile salts, and pigment. Inflammation resulting from gallstones causing irritation and damage to the gallbladder lining. Infections that can trigger or exacerbate inflammation in the gallbladder. Other factors such as rapid weight loss, obesity, and certain medical conditions that increase the risk of gallstone formation.

Key Symptoms: Upper right abdominal pain, which can be severe and may radiate to the back or right shoulder. Tenderness in the right upper abdomen, especially upon palpation. Nausea and vomiting, often associated with pain episodes. Fever and chills if the inflammation is severe or associated with infection. Bloating and indigestion after meals, especially greasy or fatty foods. Jaundice is less common unless other parts of the biliary system are affected.

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination revealing tenderness in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen. Imaging tests such as ultrasound, which can identify gallstones and signs of inflammation. Blood tests to detect signs of infection, inflammation, or liver function abnormalities, including elevated white blood cells and liver enzymes. Additional imaging procedures like HIDA scan or MRI may be used if ultrasound results are inconclusive.

Treatment Protocols: Medical management with analgesics and anti-inflammatory medications to relieve pain and reduce inflammation. Antibiotics if there is evidence of infection or a risk of complications. Dietary modifications, including avoiding fatty foods to lessen gallbladder stimulation. Surgical intervention, typically a cholecystectomy, may be recommended in cases with recurrent symptoms or complications. Monitoring and follow-up to ensure symptom resolution and prevent recurrence.