B37.5

Clinical Causes: Spread of Candida infection from other parts of the body, such as the bloodstream or lungs Weak immune system due to conditions like HIV/AIDS, cancer, or undergoing chemotherapy Use of immunosuppressive treatments, including corticosteroids Prolonged use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, leading to imbalance of normal flora Invasive medical procedures, such as neurosurgery or placement of ventricular shunts Pre-existing brain or spinal cord injuries

Key Symptoms: Headache that persists or worsens over time Stiff neck and neck pain Fever and chills Sensitivity to light (photophobia) Nausea and vomiting Altered mental status, including confusion or drowsiness Seizures in severe cases Weakness or numbness in parts of the body Difficulty speaking or understanding speech

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing candidal meningitis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. A healthcare provider may perform a lumbar puncture (spinal tap) to collect cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for analysis. CSF examination may reveal elevated white blood cells, increased protein levels, and decreased glucose. Fungal cultures and specialized staining techniques help identify Candida species. Imaging tests like MRI or CT scans can be utilized to assess brain involvement and rule out other causes of meningitis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, which may need to be administered intravenously for severe cases. The specific drug choice and duration depend on the severity of the infection and patient health status. Managing underlying conditions that contribute to immune suppression is also essential. Supportive care, such as hydration, fever management, and monitoring for neurological complications, is important throughout treatment. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address complications like abscess formation or shunt infections.