B37.0

Clinical Causes: Immunosuppression due to illnesses like HIV/AIDS or cancer treatments Use of inhaled corticosteroids or certain antibiotics Poor oral hygiene or denture use Dry mouth caused by medications or medical conditions Diabetes, which can increase sugar levels in saliva Weak immune system from age or other health issues Smoking or tobacco use Nutritional deficiencies, especially in iron or vitamin B12 Hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or menstruation

Key Symptoms: White or creamy patches on the tongue, inner cheeks, or roof of the mouth Redness, soreness, or a burning sensation in the mouth Pain or difficulty swallowing Cracking at the corners of the mouth (angular stomatitis) Loss of taste or a foul taste in the mouth Dry mouth or cottony sensation In some cases, discomfort or soreness may spread to the throat

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of candidal stomatitis is primarily clinical, based on visual examination of oral lesions. Dentists or healthcare providers may take a sample of the affected tissue or a swab for laboratory culture to identify Candida species. In certain cases, additional tests may be performed if underlying conditions are suspected, such as blood tests to assess immune status or glucose levels for diabetes screening.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment for oral thrush typically involves antifungal medications prescribed by a healthcare provider. Common options include topical treatments like nystatin, clotrimazole, or miconazole, which are applied directly to the affected area. In more severe cases or in immunocompromised individuals, systemic antifungal drugs such as fluconazole or itraconazole may be recommended. Additionally, addressing any underlying causes—such as controlling diabetes, improving oral hygiene, or discontinuing irritant medications—helps prevent recurrence. Maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups are important preventive measures.