F12.222

Clinical Causes: Repeated and frequent use of cannabis leading to dependence Genetic predisposition increasing susceptibility to substance dependence Environmental factors such as peer pressure or stressful life events Psychosocial factors including mental health conditions like anxiety or depression Early initiation of cannabis use during adolescence

Key Symptoms: Strong desire or compulsion to use cannabis Difficulty controlling or reducing cannabis consumption Withdrawal symptoms such as irritability, anxiety, or headaches when not using Intoxication characterized by euphoria, relaxation, or altered perception Perceptual disturbances including hallucinations or visual anomalies during intoxication Neglect of responsibilities or activities due to cannabis use Persistent use despite negative consequences

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is typically made through clinical assessment, including patient history, physical examination, and screening tools designed to evaluate substance use disorder. Healthcare professionals assess for patterns of dependence, presence of intoxication symptoms, and perceptual disturbances. Laboratory tests may support the diagnosis but are not definitive for dependence. Diagnostic criteria as outlined in DSM-5 are often used to inform the clinical judgment. It is essential to differentiate between casual use and a medical diagnosis of dependence with perceptual disturbances.

Treatment Protocols: Psychotherapy such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to address substance use behaviors and underlying psychological issues Motivational enhancement therapy to build motivation for change Support groups or peer support programs for ongoing encouragement Medication options are limited but may include medications to manage withdrawal symptoms or co-occurring mental health disorders Educational interventions to inform about the risks associated with cannabis use Relapse prevention strategies to help maintain abstinence or reduced use