F12.951

Clinical Causes: Regular or heavy cannabis consumption, especially during adolescence or early adulthood Genetic predisposition to psychotic disorders or mental health issues Pre-existing mental health conditions that could be exacerbated by cannabis use Environmental stressors and traumatic experiences that may increase vulnerability Potency of cannabis, particularly products with high THC levels

Key Symptoms: Hallucinations that may involve hearing voices or seeing things that are not present Paranoia or strongly held false beliefs Disorganized thinking or speech Altered perception of reality or difficulty distinguishing hallucinations from reality Agitation or restlessness Onset of psychotic symptoms shortly after using cannabis or during intoxication Potential mood disturbances such as anxiety or depression

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a comprehensive clinical assessment by a mental health professional. This typically includes a detailed interview about personal and family mental health history, substance use behaviors, and a physical examination. Psychological evaluations may also be used to assess the presence and severity of hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms. The healthcare provider will determine if symptoms are directly related to cannabis use and whether they meet the criteria outlined in the ICD-10 classification for a psychotic disorder with hallucinations.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on managing symptoms and addressing substance use. Common approaches include: - **Psychiatric medications**: Antipsychotics may be prescribed to reduce hallucinations and other psychotic symptoms. - **Psychotherapy**: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals understand and cope with their symptoms and reduce substance dependency. - **Substance use counseling**: Programs aimed at reducing or stopping cannabis use - **Support groups**: Connecting with others experiencing similar challenges can provide emotional support. - **Monitoring and Follow-up**: Regular assessments ensure that treatment plans are effective and adjusted as needed. Addressing underlying causes, such as trauma or underlying mental health conditions, is also integral to a comprehensive treatment plan.