N14.11

Clinical Causes: Use of contrast media during imaging procedures like CT scans, angiographies, or venograms. Pre-existing kidney dysfunction or chronic kidney disease. Dehydration or low fluid intake before or after contrast administration. Age-related decline in kidney function. Concurrent use of other nephrotoxic medications such as certain antibiotics or chemotherapy agents. Diabetes mellitus, which can predispose the kidneys to damage. Heart failure or other circulatory problems that reduce kidney perfusion. High doses of contrast media or repeated imaging procedures within a short period.

Key Symptoms: Decrease in urine output Swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes Nausea or vomiting Fatigue or weakness Swelling or fluid retention Elevated blood pressure In severe cases, symptoms of kidney failure such as confusion or shortness of breath

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is usually based on recent exposure to contrast agents and a subsequent decline in kidney function, confirmed through blood tests measuring serum creatinine levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Doctors may also perform urine tests and imaging studies to assess kidney health. Monitoring kidney function before and after imaging procedures is critical for early detection.

Treatment Protocols: Ensuring adequate hydration through intravenous fluids to help flush out the contrast medium. Discontinuing or adjusting nephrotoxic medications when possible. Monitoring kidney function regularly to assess recovery or progression. Treating symptoms as they arise, such as controlling blood pressure or managing fluid overload. In severe cases, dialysis may be necessary if kidney function deteriorates significantly. Preventive strategies, such as using the lowest effective dose of contrast media and employing alternative imaging methods when feasible.