N14.3

Clinical Causes: Prolonged or high-level exposure to heavy metals through occupational settings (e.g., mining, manufacturing, welding) Environmental exposure to contaminated water, soil, or air Use of certain traditional medicines or herbal remedies containing heavy metals Ingestion of contaminated food or water sources Accidental poisoning or industrial accidents involving heavy metals

Key Symptoms: Fatigue and weakness Swelling in the legs, ankles, and feet due to fluid retention Changes in urine (dark, foamy, or decreased output) Persistent nausea or vomiting Loss of appetite High blood pressure Shortness of breath in severe cases Reduced urine output in advanced stages

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosing heavy metals-induced nephropathy involves a combination of clinical assessments and laboratory tests. Healthcare providers may recommend: - Blood tests to measure levels of heavy metals - Urinalysis to evaluate kidney function and detect abnormal substances - Kidney function tests such as serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) - Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, to examine kidney structure - A detailed occupational and environmental history to identify potential sources of heavy metal exposure Diagnostics aim to confirm heavy metal poisoning and assess the extent of kidney involvement.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment strategies focus on removing or reducing heavy metal exposure and managing kidney damage. Approaches include: - Ceasing exposure to the offending heavy metals - Chelation therapy, which involves medications that bind to heavy metals to facilitate their removal from the body - Supportive care, including managing blood pressure and fluid balance - Dialysis in severe cases where kidney function is significantly compromised - Monitoring and follow-up to assess kidney health and prevent further damage Consultation with specialists such as nephrologists or toxicologists is essential for tailored treatment plans.