N14.1

Clinical Causes: Use of specific medications known to be nephrotoxic, such as certain antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), chemotherapeutic agents like cisplatin, and some biological therapies. Prolonged or high-dose exposure to these substances, increasing the risk of kidney damage. Concurrent use of multiple nephrotoxic drugs, which may amplify the risk of renal injury. Underlying kidney conditions that may predispose individuals to drug-induced nephropathy. Use of herbal or alternative remedies containing substances harmful to the kidneys.

Key Symptoms: Reduced urine output or dark-colored urine Swelling in legs, ankles, or around the eyes Fatigue and weakness Nausea and vomiting Shortness of breath due to fluid buildup Elevated blood pressure General feeling of illness or malaise Possible signs of acute kidney injury such as confusion or decreased consciousness in severe cases

Diagnosis Path: Reviewing medication history to identify potential nephrotoxic agents Blood tests measuring serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) to assess kidney function Urinalysis to detect protein, blood, or other abnormal substances in the urine Imaging studies like ultrasound to evaluate kidney structure and rule out other causes of kidney impairment In some cases, kidney biopsy may be performed to confirm the diagnosis and assess the extent of damage

Treatment Protocols: Immediate discontinuation of the suspected nephrotoxic medication Adjusting medication dosages to minimize kidney stress when necessary Monitoring kidney function regularly through laboratory tests Managing fluid and electrolyte balance Controlling blood pressure and other comorbid conditions Providing supportive care, such as dialysis in severe cases of kidney failure Educating patients about avoiding nephrotoxic substances in the future to prevent recurrence