B74.2

Clinical Causes: Transmission occurs through the bite of infected female mosquitoes, particularly those belonging to the Anopheles species. The mosquito sucks blood from an infected person, then transmits larvae to another individual during subsequent bites. Larvae develop into adult worms within the lymphatic vessels over several months, completing the cycle. Environmental factors such as standing water and warm, humid climates increase the risk of mosquito breeding and disease spread. Poor sanitation and limited access to mosquito control measures can elevate the likelihood of infection.

Key Symptoms: Lymphatic swelling, especially in the arms, legs, and genital region Recurrent episodes of fever and chills Pain and discomfort in affected areas Elephantiasis, or severe swelling and thickening of the skin and underlying tissues in chronic cases Skin changes, including thickening and hardening Lymph node enlargement

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to detect microfilariae, the larval stage of the parasite, typically performed at night when microfilariae are most present in the bloodstream Serological tests to identify antibodies or antigens related to Brugia timori Imaging studies, such as ultrasound, to visualize adult worms in lymphatic vessels Lymphoscintigraphy to assess lymphatic system function

Treatment Protocols: Administration of antiparasitic medications, including diethylcarbamazine (DEC), which is effective against microfilariae and adult worms Management of swelling and lymphedema through skin hygiene, elevation, and physiotherapy Surgical intervention in severe cases of tissue enlargement or elephantiasis Implementation of mosquito control strategies to prevent reinfection Patient education about avoiding mosquito bites and environmental measures