B74.3

Clinical Causes: Infection occurs through the bite of deer flies (Chrysops species), which carry the larvae of Loa loa. The larvae develop into adult worms within the human host, adult worms can live for several years. Geographical exposure: residing in or traveling to endemic regions increases risk.

Key Symptoms: Intermittent swelling known as Calabar swellings, which are localized and often painful. Presence of adult worms moving across the eye, leading to visible worms in the conjunctiva. itchiness or itching sensation caused by the migrating worms. Skin irritation or dermatitis during the migration of larvae. In some cases, there are no symptoms until complications arise.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of Loiasis is primarily based on clinical presentation and travel history to endemic regions. Laboratory tests may include blood smears taken during daytime hours, as microfilariae circulate in the blood at specific times. Microscopy allows identification of Loa loa microfilariae. Additional diagnostic methods may involve serological testing or imaging if necessary. A thorough physical examination can reveal characteristic swellings and eye findings.

Treatment Protocols: Effective management of Loiasis includes medication to kill the adult worms and microfilariae. Common treatments involve antiparasitic drugs such as ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (DEC). In some cases, surgical removal of visible worms may be performed. Treatment should always be supervised by healthcare professionals experienced in tropical diseases. Additionally, managing symptoms and preventing further mosquito bites are important for overall health and recovery.