B27.09

Clinical Causes: Infection with the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common herpesvirus. Spread primarily through saliva, through activities such as kissing, sharing drinks, or utensils. Less commonly, transmission through blood transfusions or organ transplants. Reactivation of a latent EBV infection in some individuals, particularly those with weakened immune systems.

Key Symptoms: Fatigue that can last for several weeks or months. Sore throat, often accompanied by tonsil swelling and white patches on the tonsils. Fever, varying from mild to high. Swollen lymph nodes, especially in the neck and armpits. Headache and muscle aches. Enlargement of the spleen or liver, which may cause discomfort or fullness in the upper left abdomen. Loss of appetite and general feeling of being unwell. In some cases, skin rash or jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes).

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to identify lymphadenopathy, hepatomegaly, or splenomegaly. Blood tests such as the Monospot test to detect heterophile antibodies. Complete blood count (CBC) showing atypical lymphocytes. Serology tests to identify specific EBV antibodies indicating acute or past infection. Liver function tests to assess hepatomegaly or liver involvement.

Treatment Protocols: Rest and adequate hydration to help the body recover. Over-the-counter pain relievers and fever reducers, such as acetaminophen or ibuprofen. Avoiding strenuous activities and contact sports to reduce the risk of spleen rupture if the spleen is enlarged. Monitoring for complications, especially when hepatomegaly is present. In severe cases, corticosteroids may be prescribed to reduce tonsillar swelling or other complications, under medical supervision.