A60.0

Clinical Causes: Primarily caused by infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2), though herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) can also cause genital herpes. Transmission occurs through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, and anal sex. The virus can be spread even when sores are not visible, during asymptomatic shedding. In rare cases, transmission may occur from mother to child during childbirth if the mother has a genital herpes outbreak.

Key Symptoms: Painful blisters or ulcers on or around the genitals, thighs, or buttocks. Itching, burning, or tingling sensations in the affected areas prior to the appearance of sores. Superficial skin lesions that may crust or ulcer over time. Swollen lymph nodes in the groin area. Flu-like symptoms during initial outbreak, including fever, muscle aches, and malaise.

Diagnosis Path: Visual inspection of sores or lesions by a healthcare professional. Swab testing of a lesion to detect herpes simplex virus DNA via PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). Blood tests to identify herpes antibodies indicating current or past infection. Viral culture from lesion samples, though less sensitive than PCR.

Treatment Protocols: Antiviral drugs such as acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Medication used during outbreaks to lessen severity and duration. Suppressive therapy for frequent outbreaks to reduce recurrences and transmission risk. Symptomatic care, including pain relievers and soothing measures for sores.