A60.04

Clinical Causes: Primarily caused by herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2). Transmission usually occurs through sexual contact, including vaginal, oral, or anal sex. Infection can occur even when sores are not visible, through asymptomatic shedding of the virus. Reactivation of the virus from a dormant state in nerve cells can cause recurrent outbreaks. Less commonly, transmission may occur through contact with infected skin or bodily fluids outside sexual activity.

Key Symptoms: Pain, itching, or a burning sensation in the genital area. Appearance of small, fluid-filled blisters or sores on the vulva, vagina, or surrounding skin. Lesions may break open and form painful ulcers. Swelling or redness in the affected area. Discomfort or pain during urination. In some cases, flu-like symptoms such as fever, headache, and fatigue may occur, especially during initial outbreaks. Recurrent episodes tend to be milder and of shorter duration.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination of the genital area and may include laboratory tests such as viral culture, PCR testing, or blood tests to detect herpes antibodies. Doctors often rely on the appearance of sores and symptoms, but laboratory confirmation ensures accurate diagnosis and helps differentiate herpes from other causes of genital sores.

Treatment Protocols: While there is no cure for herpes, antiviral medications can help control symptoms, reduce the frequency of outbreaks, and decrease the risk of transmission. Common treatments include acyclovir, valacyclovir, and famciclovir. Managing outbreaks involves keeping the affected area clean and dry, avoiding irritants, and using pain relief as advised by a healthcare professional. Recurrences can often be managed with daily suppressive therapy if outbreaks are frequent.