P39.0

Clinical Causes: Bacterial infection, often caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus species Transmission from the mother's skin during breastfeeding or contact Cracked or sore skin around the nipple area in breastfeeding mothers, which can serve as an entry point for bacteria Contaminated milk or equipment if proper hygiene practices are not followed Poor hygiene in the infant or caregiver during diapering or handling

Key Symptoms: Swelling and redness in one of the infant's breasts Tenderness or warmth over the affected area Fever and irritability in the newborn Possible pus or discharge from the nipple Decreased feeding or refusal to feed from the affected breast General signs of illness, such as lethargy or poor activity

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests to identify signs of infection Breast swabs or discharge samples to detect bacteria Ultrasound imaging to assess the extent of inflammation or abscess formation Monitoring the infant's overall health and response to initial treatment

Treatment Protocols: Antibiotic therapy prescribed based on the suspected causative bacteria Proper hygiene practices to prevent the spread of infection, including regular cleaning of the affected area Supportive care, such as pain relief and ensuring adequate feeding Wound care if abscesses or pus drainage are necessary Close monitoring of the infant's health progress and adjustment of treatment as needed