P39.4

Clinical Causes: Bacterial bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus or Streptococcus species Skin-to-skin contact with infected caregivers or family members Infected umbilical stump or umbilical cord infections Poor hygiene or contaminated neonatal environment Breaks in the skin barrier from diaper rash, cuts, or abrasions Use of contaminated or unsterile medical equipment

Key Symptoms: Redness and swelling of affected skin areas Presence of pustules, blisters, or pustular lesions Discharge or pus from skin lesions Fever or signs of systemic infection in some cases Localized warmth and tenderness Crusting or scaling of the skin

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis mainly involves a thorough physical examination of the newborn's skin. Healthcare providers may take a sample from the skin lesions to identify the causative bacteria through culture. Blood tests might be ordered if systemic infection is suspected. Ultrasonography or other imaging techniques are rarely required but can assist in complicated cases. Clinical history, including recent infections or contact with infected persons, supports the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment of neonatal skin infections generally involves targeted antibiotic therapy, which may be topical or systemic depending on the severity. Proper wound care, maintaining hygiene, and keeping the affected area clean and dry are crucial. In some cases, healthcare providers may perform drainage of abscesses or other necessary procedures. Monitoring for signs of systemic infection and managing complications promptly are fundamental components of care. Education on hygiene practices for caregivers can also help prevent recurrence.