P05.03

Clinical Causes: Preterm birth: Unborn babies born significantly earlier than the full-term 37-42 weeks gestation. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR): Conditions that limit fetal growth during pregnancy. Placental problems: Issues like placental insufficiency that hinder nutrient and oxygen delivery. Multiple pregnancies: Twins, triplets, or more can result in lower birth weights. Maternal health issues: Conditions such as hypertension, malnutrition, or infections. Lifestyle factors: Smoking, alcohol consumption, or drug use during pregnancy. Environmental exposures: Toxins or poor living conditions that affect fetal growth.

Key Symptoms: Low birth weight (750-999 grams) Thin body with minimal fat stores Fragile skin that may appear translucent Difficulty maintaining body temperature Poor feeding and sucking reflexes Lethargy or increased irritability Respiratory issues such as breathing difficulties

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis is typically confirmed through weighing the newborn immediately after birth. Additional assessments may include:

Treatment Protocols: Maintaining a neutral thermal environment to prevent hypothermia Nutritional support with specialized feeding plans that promote growth Respiratory support, including supplemental oxygen or ventilatory assistance if needed Monitoring for infections and providing prophylactic or treatment interventions Supporting organ function and managing any complications that arise Developmental support and early intervention services as the infant grows