S52.699

Clinical Causes: Falls onto an outstretched hand Direct blows or trauma during contact sports accidents involving machinery or vehicles Twisting injuries or falls during sports activities Osteoporosis leading to fractures even with minor trauma

Key Symptoms: Pain, especially near the wrist or lower forearm Swelling and tenderness around the fracture site Deformity or abnormal angulation of the forearm Bruising or discoloration of the skin Reduced range of motion or difficulty moving the wrist and forearm Sensitivity to touch in the affected area

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis begins with a detailed medical history and physical examination. The healthcare provider assesses the location and severity of pain, deformity, and swelling. Confirmatory diagnosis is typically made through X-rays, which reveal the presence and specifics of the fracture. Occasionally, additional imaging such as CT scans or MRI may be used to assess complex fractures or evaluate soft tissue injuries.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the fracture's severity and stability. Common approaches include: - **Immobilization**: Applying a cast or splint to keep the bone in proper alignment during healing. - **Reduction procedures**: In cases of displaced fractures, manual or surgical correction to realign the bone. - **Surgical intervention**: Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with plates, screws, or pins may be necessary for complicated or unstable fractures. - **Pain management**: Use of analgesics to control discomfort. - **Rehabilitation**: After immobilization or surgery, physical therapy may be recommended to restore function, strength, and range of motion. Complete recovery often depends on proper treatment and adherence to medical advice, with healing typically taking several weeks to months.