T43.01

Clinical Causes: Accidental overdose: Taking too much medication unintentionally or due to confusion. Intentional overdose: Deliberate ingestion of a large dose in an attempt to harm oneself. Adverse effects: Side effects from therapeutic doses, especially in sensitive individuals or those with interactions. Underdosing: Inadequate dosing leading to ineffective treatment or unintentional side effects due to irregular intake.

Key Symptoms: Drowsiness or extreme sedation Confusion or hallucinations Rapid heartbeat (tachycardia) Low blood pressure (hypotension) Dilated pupils Dry mouth Blurred vision Constipation Urinary retention Seizures in severe cases Respiratory depression Unconsciousness or coma in severe poisoning

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory tests. Healthcare professionals assess the patient's history, symptoms, and possible exposure to TCAs. Blood tests may be performed to measure drug levels in the blood, which can help confirm poisoning. Electrocardiograms (ECGs) are often used to detect cardiac effects like arrhythmias, which are common in overdose cases. Additional tests may include metabolic panels to assess organ function and detect complications.

Treatment Protocols: The management of poisoning related to tricyclic antidepressants includes various supportive measures. Immediate treatment may involve gastric decontamination methods such as activated charcoal to limit absorption. Cardiac monitoring is essential due to the risk of arrhythmias, and specific interventions may include medications to stabilize cardiac rhythm. In severe cases, treatments like intravenous bicarbonate therapy are used to counteract cardiac toxicity. Advanced care may require continuous monitoring in a hospital or intensive care unit, and in some instances, interventions such as airway management or hemodialysis may be necessary. The primary goal is to stabilize the patient and prevent or treat complications.