T43.1X2

Clinical Causes: Intentional overdose in an attempt to self-harm or suicide Misuse of MAOI medications due to lack of understanding about dosage and interactions Accidental ingestion, especially in individuals with access to prescribed MAOIs Mental health conditions leading to self-injurious behaviors involving medication misuse

Key Symptoms: Severe headache or hypertension Rapid heartbeat or irregular heart rhythms High fever Agitation or confusion Nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea Muscle rigidity or tremors Difficulty breathing or respiratory distress Convulsions or seizures Altered mental state, including hallucinations or coma Skin flushing or sweating

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of MAOI poisoning involves a thorough medical history, including recent medication intake and possible overdose. Clinical evaluation focuses on vital signs and neurological status. Laboratory tests such as blood and urine analysis can identify elevated levels of the medication and its metabolites. Blood pressure monitoring is essential due to the risk of hypertensive crises. In some cases, additional tests like ECGs or imaging may be performed to assess organ function or detect complications. A healthcare provider will also evaluate for symptoms indicative of severe poisoning requiring urgent intervention.

Treatment Protocols: Immediate assessment and stabilization of vital signs Activated charcoal administration if within a suitable timeframe after ingestion to reduce absorption Use of intravenous fluids to maintain hydration and support blood pressure Medications to manage hypertensive crises, such as nitroprusside or labetalol Administration of medications like benzodiazepines to control seizures Monitoring in an intensive care setting for severe cases Supportive therapies including oxygen therapy and cooling measures for hyperthermia Psychological evaluation and psychiatric support once the patient is stabilized