T43.693

Clinical Causes: Intentional ingestion of illicit psychostimulant substances for recreational or abuse purposes Accidental exposure to unknown or contaminated substances Inappropriate use of prescribed medications containing psychostimulants Environmental exposure to psychostimulant agents via inhalation or dermal contact Assault involving the deliberate administration of psychostimulants to harm an individual

Key Symptoms: Increased heart rate (tachycardia) Elevated blood pressure (hypertension) Rapid breathing (tachypnea) Agitation, restlessness, or anxiety Dilated pupils (mydriasis) Hyperactivity and increased physical alertness Sweating or chills Nausea and vomiting Confusion or hallucinations Seizures or convulsions Chest pain or discomfort Potential loss of consciousness or coma

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical evaluation and laboratory testing. Healthcare providers typically review the patient’s medical history, including possible substance exposure or assault history, and perform physical examinations to identify signs of stimulant poisoning. Toxicology screening through blood, urine, or hair samples can help detect specific psychostimulants and confirm poisoning. Additional tests like ECGs may be performed to assess cardiac impact.

Treatment Protocols: Administering medications to control heart rate and blood pressure as needed Providing sedation with benzodiazepines for severe agitation or seizures Ensuring airway patency and adequate respiration Monitoring for and treating arrhythmias or other cardiac irregularities Hydration therapy to prevent dehydration and assist in toxin elimination Activated charcoal may be administered if the ingestion was recent and within a suitable time window Supporting mental health and addressing any underlying substance abuse issues