M35.6

Clinical Causes: The exact cause of relapsing panniculitis is unknown. It is believed to involve immune system dysfunction, where the body's immune response mistakenly targets fat tissue. Genetic predispositions may play a role, although specific genes have not been definitively identified. Certain infections or underlying immune disorders might trigger episodes. It has been associated with other systemic diseases such as Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, or other autoimmune conditions.

Key Symptoms: Repeated episodes of tender, painful nodules or lumps beneath the skin, primarily on the arms, legs, and trunk. Swelling and redness over affected areas during flare-ups. Fever and malaise, especially during active episodes. Weight loss or general fatigue occurring with widespread inflammation. Recurrence of symptoms over months or years, with periods of remission.

Diagnosis Path: Physical examination to assess the characteristic nodules and their distribution. Laboratory tests like blood work to check for signs of inflammation, such as elevated ESR or CRP levels. Imaging studies, such as ultrasound or MRI, to evaluate the extent of tissue involvement. Biopsy of the affected tissue, revealing panniculitis (inflammation of fat tissue) without other specific features, supporting the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Corticosteroids to reduce inflammation during flare-ups. Immunosuppressive drugs like methotrexate or azathioprine for ongoing management. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and swelling. Regular monitoring and follow-up to detect and treat recurrences early. Supportive care, including pain management and skin care, to improve quality of life.