S52.24

Clinical Causes: Twisting injuries during falls, especially when the arm is outstretched Sports injuries that involve rotational forces Motor vehicle accidents where the arm twists upon impact Falls onto an outstretched hand with force applied rotationally Direct trauma to the forearm that causes twisting of the bone

Key Symptoms: Pain along the forearm, often worsening with movement Swelling and tenderness at the injury site Deformity or unusual angulation of the forearm Limited range of motion or inability to rotate the forearm Bruising or visible swelling Possible crepitus (a grinding sensation) when moving the arm

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis typically involves a thorough physical examination by a healthcare professional, focusing on the affected forearm's appearance and tenderness. Imaging studies are essential to confirm the fracture and determine its pattern and severity. An X-ray of the forearm is the primary tool used, often taken from multiple angles to visualize the spiral fracture clearly. Additional imaging may be considered if complex injury patterns are suspected. The healthcare provider will assess whether the fracture is displaced or stable, guiding appropriate management decisions.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options depend on the severity and stability of the spiral fracture. Common approaches include: - **Immobilization:** Using a cast or splint to keep the bone in proper alignment, allowing natural healing. - **Closed reduction:** If the fracture is displaced, a doctor may realign the bone without surgery, followed by immobilization. - **Surgical intervention:** In cases of complex, unstable, or significantly displaced fractures, surgical fixation with plates, screws, or K-wires may be necessary. - **Rehabilitation:** Post-treatment care involves physical therapy to restore movement, strength, and function of the forearm and wrist. Healing time varies but generally takes several weeks, depending on age, health, and the severity of the fracture. Proper follow-up with imaging ensures proper healing and timely adjustments to the treatment plan.