M20.032

Clinical Causes: Rheumatoid arthritis, which causes joint inflammation and damage Injuries or trauma to the finger tendons or joints Degenerative joint diseases leading to tissue deterioration Genetic predisposition or hereditary joint conditions Long-standing untreated injuries or inflammations affecting the finger joints

Key Symptoms: A characteristic 'swan-neck' appearance where the finger bends backward at the middle joint (PIP joint) and curves forward at the tip (DIP joint) Pain or tenderness around the affected joint Swelling or inflammation within the finger joints Reduced finger mobility or difficulty in straightening or bending the finger Loss of function or strength in the affected finger, impacting grip and fine motor skills

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a physical examination where a healthcare provider inspects the finger for deformity and assesses range of motion. Imaging tests like X-rays can help visualize joint damage, bone erosion, or other structural changes. In cases where rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic conditions are suspected, blood tests may be recommended to identify underlying inflammation or autoimmune activity.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment options aim to reduce symptoms, improve function, and prevent further deformity. They may include: - Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to manage pain and inflammation - Corticosteroid injections directly into the affected joint to reduce swelling - Splinting or immobilization to support the finger and prevent worsening of the deformity - Physical or occupational therapy to strengthen hand muscles and improve joint mobility - Surgical procedures in severe cases to correct deformity, repair damaged tendons, or joint replacement The choice of treatment depends on the severity of the deformity and underlying causes, with early intervention often providing better outcomes.