P10.4

Clinical Causes: Complicated or difficult delivery, particularly involving the use of forceps or vacuum extraction Prolonged or traumatic labor that increases pressure on the baby's head Fetal head malposition or abnormal presentation during birth Birth injuries involving excessive use of medical interventions or manipulative procedures Birth asphyxia or reduced oxygen supply during labor, leading to head trauma

Key Symptoms: Altered level of consciousness or reduced alertness Symptoms of increased intracranial pressure such as vomiting, headache, or vision changes Weakness or paralysis on one side of the body (hemiparesis or hemiplegia) Seizures or abnormal electrical activity in the brain Poor feeding or weak cry in infants Abnormal muscle tone or reflexes Difficulty with eye movements or persistent irritability

Diagnosis Path: Neuroimaging tests such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scans to visualize brain injuries Physical neurological assessments to evaluate reflexes, muscle tone, and responses Ongoing monitoring of neurological status and development Additional tests may include EEG (electroencephalogram) if seizures are suspected

Treatment Protocols: Supportive care in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU), including ensuring proper breathing and oxygenation Medical management of increased intracranial pressure with medications or procedures Seizure control through anticonvulsants if seizures occur Physical and occupational therapy to support motor development and functional abilities Monitoring and treatment of complications, such as infections or additional brain injuries