B58.1

Clinical Causes: Infection with the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, often acquired through contaminated food or water. Contact with cat feces, which can contain infectious oocysts. Transmission through contaminated soil or unwashed fruits and vegetables. Congenital transmission from mother to fetus during pregnancy. Rarely, transmission via blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors.

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Fatigue and weakness Pain or tenderness in the upper right abdomen Jaundice, which appears as yellowing of the skin and eyes Loss of appetite Nausea and vomiting Dark urine Unexplained weight loss Swollen lymph nodes in the neck or other areas In severe cases, liver enlargement or liver failure

Diagnosis Path: Blood tests measuring specific antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii, such as IgM and IgG Liver function tests to evaluate enzyme levels and overall liver health Imaging studies like ultrasound or CT scans may reveal liver inflammation or other structural changes Liver biopsy in certain cases to examine tissue samples under a microscope for evidence of infection

Treatment Protocols: Antiparasitic medications such as pyrimethamine and sulfadiazine, often combined with folinic acid to reduce side effects Supportive care, including rest, hydration, and a nutritious diet Monitoring liver function regularly In severe cases or in immunocompromised patients, prolonged or combination therapy may be necessary Managing associated symptoms like pain or jaundice with appropriate medications and interventions