B58.8

Clinical Causes: Ingestion of undercooked or raw meat containing Toxoplasma cysts Consumption of contaminated food or water Handling or exposure to contaminated soil or cat feces Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy Blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors

Key Symptoms: Fever and chills Muscle aches and pains Fatigue and weakness Swollen lymph nodes Headaches Confusion or altered mental state Difficulty breathing if lungs are involved Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) and splenomegaly (enlarged spleen) Signs of neurological involvement, such as seizures or motor deficits In severe cases, multi-organ failure

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis with organ involvement involves a combination of clinical assessment and laboratory tests. Blood tests can detect antibodies indicating current or past infection. Imaging studies, such as MRI or CT scans, help identify organ damage or inflammation. In some cases, tissue biopsies or direct detection of Toxoplasma gondii in affected tissues are performed to confirm the diagnosis.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically includes antiparasitic medications such as pyrimethamine combined with sulfadiazine, along with folinic acid to reduce side effects. The course of therapy depends on the severity of the infection and the organs involved. Supportive care, including managing symptoms and supporting organ function, may be necessary. In immunocompromised individuals, prompt and sustained treatment is crucial to prevent further complications.