B58.00

Clinical Causes: Ingestion of undercooked or contaminated meat containing Toxoplasma cysts. Ingestion of food or water contaminated with cat feces containing Toxoplasma oocysts. Mother-to-child transmission during pregnancy (congenital toxoplasmosis). Blood transfusions or organ transplants from infected donors (rare).

Key Symptoms: Blurred or decreased vision in one or both eyes. Floaters or spots appearing in the visual field. Eye redness and swelling. Sensitivity to light (photophobia). Eye pain or discomfort. Sometimes no noticeable symptoms in early stages.

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis involves a combination of clinical examination and laboratory tests. An ophthalmologist will perform a detailed eye examination to identify signs of inflammation or lesions. Blood tests can detect antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, indicating current or past infection. In certain cases, eye fluid or tissue samples may be analyzed for the presence of the parasite. Imaging studies like retinal scans can be useful in assessing the extent of ocular involvement.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment typically involves antiparasitic medications, which may include drugs such as pyrimethamine combined with sulfadiazine and folinic acid. Corticosteroids might be prescribed to reduce inflammation, but only under medical supervision. The goal is to eliminate the infection, manage inflammation, and preserve vision. Early intervention is important to prevent potential complications, such as scarring or visual impairment. Follow-up care ensures monitoring of the condition and adjustment of therapy as needed.