A59.9

Clinical Causes: Unprotected sexual activity with an infected partner Sharing of contaminated sex toys Rarely, from mother to baby during childbirth Less commonly, through contact with contaminated towels or bedding (though very unlikely)

Key Symptoms: Vaginal discharge that may be frothy, yellow-green, or foul-smelling Vaginal itching or irritation Discomfort or burning sensation during urination Pain during sexual intercourse In men, sometimes experiencing irritation inside the penis, discharge, or burning during urination, though often asymptomatic

Diagnosis Path: Diagnosis of trichomoniasis typically involves laboratory testing, which may include microscopic examination of vaginal or penile discharge to identify the parasite. Wet mount microscopy allows direct visualization, but more sensitive tests like nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) are commonly used for confirmation. Physical examinations and patient history are also important components in diagnosis. In some cases, tests for other sexually transmitted infections are recommended, given the possibility of co-infections.

Treatment Protocols: Treatment usually involves a course of prescription antibiotics, most commonly metronidazole or tinidazole. These medications are effective in eliminating the parasite and are typically administered in a single dose or over several days depending on the severity of the infection. It is important for sexual partners to be tested and treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection. Patients are advised to avoid sexual activity until treatment is complete and symptoms resolve. Follow-up testing may be recommended in certain cases to confirm the infection has been cleared.